Modelling Ambient Vibration Responses Induced by Operation of Metro Train on Curved Rail Segment with Small Curvature Radius

Figure 9

Wheel-rail force of the first wheel pair of an overcrowded-scenario trailer. (a) Vertical force of the inner rail. (b) Horizontal force of the internal rail. (c) Vertical force of the outer rail. (d) Horizontal force of the outer rail.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)