A Biological Immune Mechanism-Based Quantum PSO Algorithm and Its Application in Back Analysis for Seepage Parameters

Figure 4

Convergence process curves of average fitness for four algorithms (60 dimensions): (a) Sphere function; (b) Step function; (c) Rosenbrock function; (d) Ackley function; (e) Rastrigin function; (f) Griewank function.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)