A Biological Immune Mechanism-Based Quantum PSO Algorithm and Its Application in Back Analysis for Seepage Parameters

Table 5

Results of the simulated and measured hydraulic head for three algorithms.

Algorithm	Osmometer number	P11	P12	P13	P15	P16	P17	P18	P19
IPSO	Measured value (m)	808.06	806.26	805.82	805.43	805.56	804.24	804.76	802.96
	Simulated value (m)	808.65	807.18	805.62	804.30	805.19	806.02	804.95	803.56
	Absolute error (m)	0.59	0.92	−0.20	−1.13	−0.36	1.78	0.19	0.60
	Relative error (%)	3.27	5.63	−1.29	−7.30	−2.34	12.51	1.26	4.66
QPSO	Simulated value (m)	808.54	807.06	805.50	804.20	805.09	805.92	804.86	803.56
	Absolute error (m)	0.48	0.80	−0.32	−1.23	−0.47	1.68	0.10	0.60
	Relative error (%)	2.66	4.94	−2.02	−7.98	−2.99	11.81	0.67	4.66
IQPSO	Simulated value (m)	808.41	806.67	805.43	804.17	805.06	805.66	804.84	803.55
	Absolute error (m)	0.35	0.41	−0.39	−1.26	−0.50	1.42	0.08	0.59
	Relative error (%)	1.93	2.52	−2.49	−8.16	−3.19	9.97	0.54	4.56