Research Article

Improved Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on Levy Flight

Table 2

Test function optimization results.

Number of particlesFunctionQPSOG-QPSOPSO
Mean valuesWorst valuesBest valuesMean valuesWorst valuesBest valuesMean valuesWorst valuesBest values

20f10.00420.07152.45E−064.31E−051.30E−032.15E−080.00140.01821.10E−05
f2−19.1694−18.6488−19.2085−19.2084−19.2065−19.2085−19.1876−19.0235−19.2084
f3−1−0.9998−1−1−1−1−0.9727−0.936−1
f4−182.8896−154.8117−186.7246−186.6805−186.1052−186.7309−185.2191−175.6943−186.7203
f5−2.0626−2.0623−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0622−2.0626
f68.68E−108.07E−0900004.40E−063.05E−042.83E−09
f70.00160.01897.96E−063.31E−064.25E−058.12E−115.30E−032.88E−024.15E−06
f81.20E−158.38E−146.72E−271.12E−306.47E−294.24E−506.47E−055.90E−041.26E−07

40f10.00130.02353.15E−073.63E−061.08E−041.09E−103.58E−041.90E−031.32E−06
f2−19.1941−19.0671−19.2085−19.2085−19.2084−19.2085−19.202−19.1424−19.2085
f3−1−0.9998−1−1−1−1−0.9917−0.9362−0.9998
f4−185.3481−178.7177−186.7302−186.7195−186.4609−186.7309−186.059−182.093−186.7298
f5−2.0626−2.0625−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0625−2.0626
f65.14E−109.69E−082.94E−130002.53E−073.45E−062.08E−09
f73.53E−040.00392.14E−072.80E−079.30E−064.22E−150.00180.03385.52E−06
f82.90E−161.56E−143.93E−231.35E−427.40E−411.52E−641.64E−051.07E−042.41E−07

60f13.51E−040.0091.21E−061.19E−064.62E−057.16E−111.65E−041.20E−03..3956E−06
f2−19.1961−19.0343−19.2085−19.2085−19.2085−19.2085−19.2033−19.1754−19.2085
f3−1−0.9999−1−1−1−1−0.9964−0.9362−0.9999
f4−185.1436−167.6131−186.7304−186.7277−186.6912−186.7309−186.3031−182.273−186.0393
f5−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0624−2.0626
f62.47E−101.68E−095.04E−140001.11E−071.70E−063.90E−10
f79.21E−050.00252.20E−088.73E−081.81E−062.04E−149.24E−046.90E−038.38E−06
f85.50E−171.63E−151.20E−231.85E−471.08E−451.25E−657.78E−064.71E−059.21E−10

80f19.92E−059.92E−055.15E−072.13E−074.47E−052.25E−121.33E−041.10E−031.02E−07
f2−19.2018−19.1234−19.2084−19.2085−19.2085−19.2085−19.2063−19.1933−19.2085
f3−1−0.9998−1−1−1−1−0.9985−0.9884−1
f4−185.7209−172.3019−186.7214−186.7289−186.6909−186.7309−186.4336−184.4008−186.7298
f5−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626−2.0626
f63.00E−102.19E−095.51E−130007.06E−087.35E−071.28E−10
f73.36E−057.75E−041.72E−074.36E−081.07E−064.72E−207.21E−041.33E−023.03E−06
f89.73E−174.21E−151.38E−233.24E−531.64E−511.84E−734.52E−063.52E−051.97E−08