Invariants of the Space Point Element Structure and Their Applications

Table 3

The invariants of the eight-point geometric structure calculated in the real image experiment and the comparison of different methods.

Image serial number	2D invariant value ()	Error rate (%) (Zhang and Mui [3])	Error rate (%) (Deng et al. [21])	Error rate (%)
1	6.4569	1.1240	0.9945	0.9569
2	6.3249	1.2101	1.1465	1.1070
3	6.4281	0.6172	0.5248	0.5066
4	6.3887	0.1294	0.1395	0.1094
5	6.5018	1.7514	1.6912	1.6589
6	6.3593	0.6129	0.6358	0.5691
7	6.4640	1.0923	1.0521	1.0679
8	6.3848	0.2412	0.1836	0.1704
9	6.3809	0.3482	0.2436	0.2314
10	6.1893	3.8142	3.4954	3.2272
11	6.3802	0.2524	0.2012	0.2424
12	6.3773	0.3756	0.3125	0.2877
13	6.4713	1.2921	1.2125	1.1820
14	6.4907	1.5978	1.4935	1.4854
15	6.4870	2.0145	2.0014	1.4275
16	6.3414	0.9412	0.9017	0.8490
17	6.3775	0.3514	0.3124	0.2846
18	6.3337	0.9956	0.8475	0.9694
19	6.3940	0.1245	0.0912	0.0266
20	6.3830	0.5241	0.3417	0.1986