Influence of Karst Caves at Pile Side on the Bearing Capacity of Super-Long Pile Foundation

Table 1

Material parameters.

	Density ρ (kg/m^3)	Elasticity modulus E (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Cohesion c (KPa)	Frictional angle φ (°)
Equivalent soil	1950	8	0.3	40	20.0
Rock	2680	14000	0.25	1000	44.5
Pile	2600	30000	0.1	—	—