Stator Current Vector Orientation-Based Backstepping Predictive Control of Torque Ripple Minimization for PMSM with consideration of Electrical Loss

<div>Equivalent circuit of PMSM in (a) <i>d</i>-axis and (b) <i>q</i>-axis.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Stator Current Vector Orientation-Based Backstepping Predictive Control of Torque Ripple Minimization for PMSM with consideration of Electrical Loss 

Figure 1 | Stator Current Vector Orientation-Based Backstepping Predictive Control of Torque Ripple Minimization for PMSM with consideration of Electrical Loss 