Numerical Simulation of the Natural Convection with Presence of the Nanofluids in Cubical Cavity

Figure 9

The variation of the average Nusselt number as a function of the Rayleigh numbers, and ϕ for water-Al₂O₃. (a) d = 0.25. (b) d = 0.5. (c) d = 0.75. (d) d = 0.1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)