Research on the Influence of Industry-University-Research Cooperation Innovation Network Characteristics on Subject Innovation Performance

Table 1

Selection of variables and measurement.

Variables	Name	Code	Meaning	Measurement
Dependent variable	Number of patent applications		The output of the main innovation outcome, i.e., innovation performance	Number of patent applications in the current period
	Intermediate centrality		The degree of centrality of the subject in the network	The probability that a subject is on the shortest path between any two other subjects in the network
Independent variables	Structural hole limit system		The extent to which the subject occupies the position of the “bridge”	Subjects in the network limit system
	Intensity of cooperation		Average number of times a subject cooperates with other subjects	Sum of the total number of point degrees of the nodes of the network without deduplication/node degrees
	Innovation activity		The extent to which subjects are active in innovation in the network	Number of times the subject of innovation appeared between 1985 and 2015
Control variables	GRP per capita		The level of economic development of the city where the innovation subject is located	Total regional output/total population
	R&D investment intensity		The level of technological development of the city where the innovation subject is located	Science and technology expenditure in government expenditure/GRP