A Dynamic Method to Predict the Earthquake-Triggered Sliding Displacement of Slopes

Figure 1

The Newmark integration algorithm (adapted from Kramer [20]). The strong-motion record having a hypothetical a_c of 0.2 g is superimposed. To the left of point X accelerations are less than a_c, and there is no displacement. To the right of point X those parts of the strong-motion record lying above a_c are integrated over time to derive a velocity profile of the block. Integration begins at point X and the velocity increases to point Y, the maximum velocity for this pulse. Past point Y the ground acceleration drops below a_c, but the block continues to move because of its inertia. Friction and ground motion in the opposite direction cause the block to decelerate until it stops at point Z. All pulses of the ground motion exceeding a_c are integrated to yield a cumulative displacement profile of the landslide block.