Fast and Accurate Numerical Solution of Allen–Cahn Equation

Figure 12

Time evolution of a torus shape. Contrary to the 2D results, the inner circle increases due to the effect of the mean curvature. (a) t = 0, (b) t = 0.005, (c) t = 0.008, (d) t = 0.01.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)