Research on Freight Development of Guangdong Province Based on Grey Theory Model

Table 5

Residual test results of GM (1,1) of freight volume in Guangdong Province.

Year	Total freight volume (F)		Railway freight volume (R)		Truck freight volume (T)
	2013	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.120	0.000
2014	−50.980	0.014	−0.050	0.000	−3.820	0.001
2015	−74.560	0.020	−0.150	0.001	−98.990	0.035
2016	137.150	0.037	−10.190	0.055	103.640	0.038
2017	66.070	0.017	12.830	0.082	49.690	0.017
2018	−37.430	0.009	3.730	0.024	−18.400	0.006
2019	−46.030	0.010	−7.420	0.046	−34.880	0.011

Source: according to the calculation criteria.