Self-Sustained Oscillation of a Photothermal-Responsive Pendulum under Steady Illumination

<div>Evolution laws of (a) <svg height="12.2741pt" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2243 8.41168 12.2741" width="8.41168pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="8.31205" x="0" y="-11.522"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g></svg> and (b) <svg height="9.42945pt" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.22306 5.60619 9.42945" width="5.60619pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><rect height="0.65243" width="5.50656" x="0" y="-8.52081"></rect><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z"></path></g></svg> of the PSM pendulum.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig3

Figure 3

Figure 3: Self-Sustained Oscillation of a Photothermal-Responsive Pendulum under Steady Illumination 