Small-Signal Stability Analysis for Power System Frequency Regulation with Renewable Energy Participation

Table 2

IAE indices of six parameters acquired in two fault locations (in p.u.).

Cases: bus #3 voltage drop
Without wind or PV	1.155	1.239 ×	0.785	0.094	0.545	0.759
Only wind	0.956	1.058 ×	0.696	0.089	0.516	0.694
Only PV	0.911	1.042 ×	0.677	0.087	0.505	0.696
PV with energy storage system	0.870	1.024 ×	0.651	0.083	0.489	0.675
PV followed by wind	0.810	0.985 ×	0.594	0.081	0.470	0.648
Combination of wind and PV	0.715	0.898 ×	0.452	0.076	0.441	0.617
Cases: bus #15 voltage drop
Without wind or PV	1.196	1.314 ×	0.818	0.098	0.559	0.776
Only wind	0.928	1.082 ×	0.734	0.095	0.542	0.746
Only PV	0.897	1.066 ×	0.695	0.092	0.524	0.714
PV with energy storage system	0.846	1.034 ×	0.669	0.088	0.516	0.701
PV followed by wind	0.797	0.997 ×	0.619	0.086	0.490	0.692
Combination of wind and PV	0.731	0.921 ×	0.481	0.078	0.445	0.658