Experimental Study and Direct Strength Method for Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up I-Sectional Columns under Axial Compression

Figure 11

Buckling modes of built-up columns with the nominal length of 2000 mm. (a) Local buckling in web + distortional buckling + overall flexural buckling. (b) Local buckling in web + local buckling in flange + distortional buckling.

(a)

(b)