Game-Based Multiobjective Optimization of Suspension System for In-Wheel Motor Drive Electric Vehicle

Table 9

Results comparison by various optimization schemes.

Evaluation index	Suspension parameter optimization	Vibration absorber optimization	Multiobjective optimization	Nash equilibrium	Cooperative competition
Suspension stiffness, k2 (N/m)	11437	15000	11002	11600	11061
Suspension damping, c2 (N/(m/s))	1236	1500	750	1414.2	778
Vibration absorber stiffness, k3 (N/m)	—	56631	45773	53232	45403
Vibration absorber damping, c3 (N/(m/s))	—	1325	2857	1398	2182
Root-mean-square value of the body’s acceleration	1.3418	0.9264	0.9283	0.9274	0.9303
Root-mean-square value of suspension dynamic deflection	0.0181	0.0125	0.0126	0.0129	0.0122
Root-mean-square value of wheels’ relative loading	0.3978	0.2328	0.2599	0.233	0.2456
Root-mean-square value of the in-wheel motor acceleration	0.3978	0.4765	0.4102	0.4221	0.4028
Smoothness Jvao	1.7577	1.1717	1.2009	1.1734	1.1881
Iterations	—	—	—	7	11