The Influence of Enterprise Design Risk Attitude on the Choice of Heterogeneous Open Innovation Alliance

Table 3

Comparison of normalization methods and characteristics.

Method names	Calculation method		Method characteristics
	Benefit attributes	Cost attributes
Vector normalization			Converting all attributes into dimensionless measurement unit; having nonequal scale length
Linear scale transformation (max–min)			The scale transformation is not proportional to outcome
Linear scale transformation (max)			Outcomes are transformed in a linear way
Linear scale transformation (sum)			The sum of index elements is one