Forecasting China’s per Capita Living Energy Consumption by Employing a Novel DGM (1, 1, t^α) Model with Fractional Order Accumulation

Algorithm 1

Algorithm of WOA to search for the nonlinear parameters α and r of the FDGM (1, 1, t^α) model.

	Input: the raw data and lower and upper bound of α and r
Output: the optimal value of the nonlinear parameters α and r
(1)	Initialize the maximum number of iterations T and the number of humpback whales
(2)	Initialize the locations of the humpback population
(3)	Compute the fitness of each humpback by equation (19)
(4)	Determine the best candidate based on fitness of each whale agent
(5)	fordo
(6)	for each humpback whale do
(7)	Update the parameters ;
(8)	ifthen
(9)	ifthen
(10)	Update the location of each humpback by equation (17);
(11)	else
(12)	Determine by randomly choosing a whale;
(13)	Update the location of each humpback by equation (18);
(14)	end
(15)	else
(16)	Update the location of each humpback by equation (17);
(17)	end
(18)	Compute the fitness of each humpback by equation (19);
(19)	end
(20)	Update if a better solution exists;
(21)	end
(22)	return the optimum value ;