Forecasting China’s per Capita Living Energy Consumption by Employing a Novel DGM (1, 1, t^α) Model with Fractional Order Accumulation

Table 3

Numerical results by the nine models.

Year	Data	GM	DGM (1)	FDGM	NGM	NDGM	FNDGM	ARGM	DGM(2)	FDGM
2002	146	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00	146.00
2003	166	183.55	183.71	166.30	167.44	166.87	167.79	169.31	166.00	168.02
2004	191	195.11	195.26	190.77	190.87	190.66	191.46	190.47	191.82	192.11
2005	211	207.39	207.54	211.21	211.19	211.19	211.09	209.69	211.94	211.84
2006	230	220.45	220.58	228.58	228.81	228.91	227.92	227.14	228.83	228.05
2007	250	234.33	234.45	243.69	244.08	244.20	242.75	242.99	243.50	241.88
2008	254	249.09	249.19	257.04	257.32	257.41	256.07	257.39	256.50	254.38
2009	264	264.77	264.85	268.98	268.80	268.80	268.21	270.46	268.18	266.48
2010	274	281.44	281.50	279.78	278.76	278.64	279.41	282.32	278.78	279.00
2011	294	299.16	299.20	289.61	287.39	287.13	289.82	293.10	288.45	292.71
2012	313	318.00	318.00	298.62	294.87	294.46	299.57	302.89	297.32	308.33
2013	335	338.02	338.00	306.92	301.36	300.78	308.76	311.78	305.50	326.51
2014	346.1	359.31	359.24	314.58	306.98	306.24	317.46	319.85	313.05	347.91
2015	365.4	381.93	381.83	321.69	311.86	310.95	325.73	327.18	320.05	373.12
2016	393.2	405.98	405.83	328.30	316.09	315.02	333.63	333.83	326.55	402.73
2017	415.6	431.55	431.34	334.47	319.76	318.53	341.18	339.88	332.59	437.32