Parameter Estimation of the Lotka–Volterra Model with Fractional Order Based on the Modulation Function and Its Application

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Enterprise</td><td class="align_center">2014</td><td class="align_center">2015</td><td class="align_center">2016</td><td class="align_center">2017</td><td class="align_center">2018</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">BYD Company Limited</td><td class="align_center">1320</td><td class="align_center">2589</td><td class="align_center">4199</td><td class="align_center">5517</td><td class="align_center">6067</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd.</td><td class="align_center">652</td><td class="align_center">1085</td><td class="align_center">1796</td><td class="align_center">2338</td><td class="align_center">3080</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd.</td><td class="align_center">219</td><td class="align_center">701</td><td class="align_center">1568</td><td class="align_center">2330</td><td class="align_center">2801</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Distribution of patent holdings in recent years.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Parameter Estimation of the Lotka–Volterra Model with Fractional Order Based on the Modulation Function and Its Application 