Energy Loss Calculation of Low Voltage Distribution Area Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Least Squares Support Vector Machine

Table 3

The average error and calculation time of three times for each combination model.

Model	Calculation error		Calculation
	MAPE (%)	Emax	Time (s)
VMD-PSO-LSSVM	1.03	0.0216	3.27
LSSVM	4.79	0.0496	1.63
PSO-LSSVM	3.77	0.0393	2.53