Effect of Nanoparticles and Base Fluid Types on Natural Convection in a Three-Dimensional Cubic Enclosure

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Physical properties</td><td class="align_center">Water</td><td class="align_center">Ethylene glycol</td><td class="align_center">Propylene glycol</td><td class="align_center">CuO</td><td class="align_center">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></td><td class="align_center">TiO<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><u>Pr</u></td><td class="align_center">6.2</td><td class="align_center">152.19</td><td class="align_center">471.24</td><td class="align_center">—</td><td class="align_center">—</td><td class="align_center">—</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 49.7511ptpx;"><svg height="15.0208pt" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.429399pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 49.7511 15.0208" width="49.7511pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.448,0)"><path d="M797 0V26C739 32 732 36 732 103V296C732 394 682 449 605 449C576 449 550 437 529 423C504 407 475 389 446 366C425 418 382 449 334 449C303 449 279 437 253 421C222 403 201 385 180 371V452C135 432 85 419 41 411V388C99 379 102 374 102 310V103C102 38 93 32 27 26V0H238V26C189 32 180 38 180 103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,40.135,-5.741)"><path d="M290 377C321 398 342 415 358 430C378 450 389 473 389 502C389 578 329 635 238 635H237C184 635 137 610 109 578L64 515L88 493C112 529 154 573 208 573S303 542 303 482C303 409 233 370 141 341L149 308C165 313 190 319 215 319C272 319 341 283 341 193C342 98 292 43 222 43C163 43 122 72 96 94C88 101 79 100 70 94C61 87 47 73 46 60C44 47 48 37 62 23C76 10 118 -12 165 -12C238 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-68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">4179</td><td class="align_center">2415.67</td><td class="align_center">2518.42</td><td class="align_center">540</td><td class="align_center">765</td><td class="align_center">686.2</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><span style="width: 56.1832ptpx;"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 56.1832 11.5564" width="56.1832pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M480 416C480 431 465 448 438 448C388 448 312 383 252 330C217 299 188 273 155 237H153L257 680C262 700 263 712 253 712C240 712 183 684 97 674L92 648L126 647C166 646 172 645 163 606L23 -6L29 -12C51 -5 77 2 107 8C115 62 130 128 142 180C153 193 179 220 204 241C231 170 259 106 288 54C317 0 336 -12 358 -12C381 -12 423 2 477 80L460 100C434 74 408 54 398 54C385 54 374 65 351 107C326 154 282 241 263 299C296 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29 81 -12 134 -12C220 -12 325 61 325 141C325 184 297 215 234 256C194 282 161 309 161 346C161 380 188 401 217 401C255 401 279 380 301 353C308 344 313 341 325 347C341 355 352 371 352 391Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,73.819,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1.47</td><td class="align_center">0.947</td><td class="align_center">0.7713</td><td class="align_center">—</td><td class="align_center">—</td><td class="align_center">—</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="7"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Thermophysical properties of propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, water, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, CuO, and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at 25°C.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Effect of Nanoparticles and Base Fluid Types on Natural Convection in a Three-Dimensional Cubic Enclosure 