A Method of Demarcating Critical Failure Impedance Boundary of Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems Based on Minimum Extinction Angle

Figure 16

Critical failure impedance boundaries of the IEEE 118-bus test system. (a) Three-phase short-circuit fault boundary. (b) Single line-to-ground fault boundary. (c) Double line-to-ground fault boundary. (d) Line-to-line fault boundary.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)