A Method of Demarcating Critical Failure Impedance Boundary of Multi-Infeed HVDC Systems Based on Minimum Extinction Angle

Table 2

Extinction angles of the three-infeed HVDC system in different faults.

Bus number	Three-phase short-circuit fault			Single line-to-ground fault			Double line-to-ground fault			Line-to-line fault
	HVDC 1	HVDC 2	HVDC 3	HVDC 1	HVDC 2	HVDC 3	HVDC 1	HVDC 2	HVDC 3	HVDC 1	HVDC 2	HVDC 3
1	12.40	12.46	12.24	15.99	15.93	15.36	18.76	18.65	16.00	16.80	16.74	16.80
2	8.36	8.44	8.48	8.68	8.40	8.55	14.01	12.09	9.17	7.78	7.69	16.91
3	7.92	8.10	8.11	9.06	9.74	9.48	8.84	8.94	8.98	8.04	7.90	9.72
4	8.50	8.56	7.87	9.03	8.43	4.42	8.96	9.03	8.51	7.71	7.65	7.94
5	8.98	9.01	8.28	12.96	11.45	8.70	9.09	9.19	8.17	7.50	17.45	8.13
6	9.05	9.07	8.33	10.77	16.31	8.88	9.10	9.20	8.08	17.47	17.42	8.08
7	9.21	9.23	8.74	12.90	11.28	9.69	9.21	9.32	7.79	17.30	17.25	8.09
8	9.23	9.25	8.82	14.63	12.99	8.48	9.25	9.40	7.93	17.34	17.29	7.86
9	11.17	11.24	7.63	15.98	15.49	11.95	12.79	12.71	12.28	16.69	16.64	9.88
10	9.22	9.23	7.85	16.16	15.07	9.15	8.99	9.08	7.45	17.37	17.33	17.00
11	9.22	9.23	8.22	16.56	15.34	9.29	9.03	9.13	7.59	17.38	17.34	8.22
12	7.34	7.39	5.09	14.53	14.08	16.39	9.12	9.09	9.83	16.34	16.31	8.15
13	9.20	9.21	7.33	17.09	17.16	5.41	8.96	9.03	7.47	17.41	17.38	7.01
14	8.71	8.72	7.77	7.36	6.86	8.43	8.94	8.96	8.28	7.63	7.61	8.35
15	8.72	8.64	8.66	9.40	8.61	9.72	8.73	8.62	8.67	7.69	7.75	8.22
16	8.34	8.16	8.51	5.68	8.71	8.05	8.73	8.61	8.94	7.89	7.99	7.81
17	7.85	7.53	8.31	8.93	5.41	12.68	8.72	8.60	9.06	8.12	8.26	7.82
18	7.52	8.00	8.41	5.41	9.93	7.99	8.52	8.69	9.03	8.27	8.02	7.85
19	7.56	7.35	7.76	15.21	11.11	16.41	9.43	9.60	9.21	16.84	6.92	7.80
20	6.66	6.46	11.77	13.09	13.71	14.29	9.24	9.30	12.14	15.80	15.85	16.78
21	8.53	8.38	8.69	12.06	6.26	16.03	10.00	10.20	9.39	7.32	7.40	15.75
22	17.77	17.56	7.96	17.83	13.77	13.24	9.47	9.69	9.19	16.97	7.05	17.25
23	7.60	7.39	7.80	13.04	18.24	16.98	9.41	9.58	9.17	16.88	16.96	16.91
24	9.14	9.06	9.23	5.73	9.37	9.26	8.42	8.19	8.82	7.61	7.70	16.82
25	8.62	8.66	8.75	6.54	6.90	7.02	9.01	9.08	9.23	7.60	17.54	7.54
26	9.04	9.00	9.17	7.33	7.92	6.98	9.03	8.94	17.56	7.53	7.56	17.52
27	8.83	8.74	9.04	8.60	7.45	9.49	8.79	8.64	10.45	7.68	7.75	12.14
28	17.19	7.12	17.49	13.86	13.27	13.80	17.04	18.07	16.85	16.11	16.13	17.48
29	7.09	7.02	17.38	13.61	13.94	13.92	15.04	11.07	16.86	16.02	16.04	16.00
30	8.14	8.23	18.25	16.03	15.84	15.21	9.22	9.09	16.99	16.68	16.61	15.91
31	7.21	7.28	5.83	13.93	13.70	9.19	13.09	9.06	9.48	15.75	15.72	16.63
32	7.33	7.38	5.08	13.42	13.16	7.35	14.12	9.09	9.75	15.94	15.91	6.15
33	6.69	6.49	16.81	12.12	12.67	12.42	9.23	9.30	13.14	15.73	15.79	6.54
34	6.15	5.99	16.17	12.07	12.61	12.37	9.17	9.21	12.12	14.63	14.66	15.68
35	16.87	6.67	17.01	13.13	13.08	13.91	15.24	12.31	15.13	16.06	16.12	14.60
36	6.38	6.21	16.45	12.96	12.05	12.84	15.18	17.22	15.11	15.33	15.38	16.01
37	7.48	7.55	17.63	14.26	14.56	14.06	14.13	18.10	16.98	16.22	16.18	15.29
38	16.60	6.54	16.83	12.69	12.79	12.17	12.05	17.08	16.93	15.09	15.10	16.16
39	8.03	8.11	17.66	15.64	15.17	16.03	13.80	16.72	18.09	16.61	16.56	15.01
Total	33	36	27	12	13	20	28	28	24	14	14	19