Global Optimization of Redescending Robust Estimators

Figure 1

ψ functions of several robust estimators. (a) Least square estimator, (b) least L1-norm estimator, (c) least L1.5-norm estimator, (d) Geman–McClure estimators, (e) Welsch estimators (c = 5), and (f) Tukey estimators (c = 5).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)