Lens Learning Sparrow Search Algorithm

Table 1

Test function table.

Function	DIM	Section	MIN
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−10, 10]	0
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−100, 100]	0
	30	[−30, 30]	0
	30	[−5, 10]	0
	30	[−100, 100]d	0
	30	[−1.28, 1.28]	0
	30	[−500, 500]	−418.9829n
	30	[−500, 500]	0
	30	[−50, 50]	0
	2	[−10, 10]	0
	2	[−4.5, 4.5]	0
	4	[−10, 10]	0
	2	[−65.536. 65.536]	0.998