A Fusion Crossover Mutation Sparrow Search Algorithm

Table 1

Parameter setting of each algorithm.

Algorithm	Parameter
PSO	C1 = C2 = 2; ;
GWO	a = [2, 0]
WOA	a1 = [2, 0]; a2 = [−2, −1]; b = 1
SCA	A = 2
SSO	c1 = 2 × exp (−(4 × l/L)2); c2 = rand (0, 1)
SSA	_percent = 0.2; r2 = rand (0, 1)