Research Article

A Fusion Crossover Mutation Sparrow Search Algorithm

Table 3

Comparison of benchmark function results

Algorithmf1f2
BestMeanStdBestMeanStd

PSO4.1424E − 061.4384E − 041.7541E − 042.1000E − 033.0400E − 022.7700E − 02
GWO2.3907E − 291.3015E − 272.4113E − 271.0220E − 178.3437E − 177.4816E − 17
WOA3.2405E − 862.6708E − 741.8365E − 737.2860E − 615.9232E − 503.7524E − 49
SCA9.2000E − 031.8723E + 017.3168E + 011.1444E − 043.0800E − 025.5600E − 02
SSO2.7431E − 081.9076E − 072.7329E − 079.6500E − 022.1975E + 001.7494E + 00
SSA0.0000E + 001.3270E − 636.7315E − 630.0000E + 002.8881E − 281.9201E − 27
ISSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 00

f3f4

PSO2.6534E + 018.5518E + 013.7862E + 012.0736E + 019.6482E + 017.5173E + 01
GWO6.5094E − 098.7864E − 062.2006E − 052.5570E + 012.6987E + 017.4470E − 01
WOA1.3812E + 044.3320E + 041.1856E + 042.6844E + 012.7893E + 014.4990E − 01
SCA1.4069E + 039.2502E + 036.2996E + 036.0487E + 017.1540E + 041.8682E + 05
SSO3.8572E + 021.5773E + 031.0528E + 032.0659E + 011.7535E + 022.2395E + 02
SSA3.7614E − 2021.5694E − 261.0663E − 253.8512E − 096.0667E − 052.1975E − 04
ISSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 003.0154E − 052.1322E − 04

f5f6

PSO7.7363E − 061.7335E − 0421551E − 046.5400E − 021.7710E − 016.4200E − 02
GWO4.3825E − 057.8530E − 014.1230E − 014.9189E − 042.0000E − 031.0000E − 03
WOA5.7600E − 024.4860E − 012.7230E − 014.3650E − 052.9000E − 032.9000E − 03
SCA3.4801E + 001.4394E + 011.3082E + 015.1000E − 038.7900E − 027.4900E − 02
SSO1.8335E − 081.8562E − 073.8529E − 074.2100E − 021.7420E − 016.6100E − 02
SSA3.2830E − 141.6868E − 114.6371E − 118.1529E − 051.9000E − 032.2000E − 03
ISSA4.2487E − 163.7199E − 116.1546E − 111.2378E − 068.3892E − 047.3944E − 04

f7f8

PSO3.0135E + 015.7563E + 011.4058E + 013.0000E − 033.1900E − 015.6300E − 01
GWO5.6843E − 142.8627E + 004.5177E + 006.4837E − 141.0242E − 131.8386E − 14
WOA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 008.8818E − 164.6541E − 152.5285E − 15
SCA1.2000E − 023.7869E + 013.2888E + 015.7700E − 021.5345E + 018.2415E + 00
SSO2.1889E + 015.3608E + 011.9349E + 016.6150E − 012.4223E + 007.5430E − 01
SSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 008.8820E − 168.8820E − 160.000E + 00
ISSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 008.8820E − 168.8820E − 160.000E + 00

f9f10

PSO1.6895E − 068.0000E − 038.4000E − 039.1162E − 081.6600E − 024.3700E − 02
GWO0.000E + 003.9000E − 038.4000E − 031.2700E − 024.2300E − 022.2200E − 02
WOA0.000E + 001.0600E − 024.2200E − 023.3000E − 032.6100E − 022.3600E − 02
SCA4.8600E − 021.0460E + 006.1810E − 017.9180E − 013.9084E + 041.7389E + 05
SSO2.4783E − 041.6200E − 021.1800E − 022.1289E + 007.1528E + 003.4931E + 00
SSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 002.0213E − 164.1052E − 121.3732E − 11
ISSA0.0000E + 000.0000E + 000.0000E + 002.6713E − 191.8982E − 114.6080E − 11

f11f12

PSO9.9800E − 013.5010E + 002.6534E + 003.4787E − 048.5130E − 041.4307E − 04
GWO9.9800E − 013.7279E + 003.4441E + 003.0750E − 044.8000E − 038.3000E − 03
WOA9.9800E − 012.7870E + 002.9389E + 003.0755E − 046.4870E − 044.0138E − 04
SCA9.9800E − 011.6744E + 009.4810E − 013.4944E − 041.0000E − 033.8581E − 04
SSO9.9800E − 011.1967E + 004.9130E − 013.2295E − 041.7000E − 033.9000E − 03
SSA9.9800E − 015.4046E + 005.2624E + 003.0749E − 043.1713E − 035.0923E − 05
ISSA9.9800E − 018.5554E + 005.2046E + 003.0749E − 043.0749E − 046.0812E − 08

f13f14

PSO−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 002.9925E − 16−3.3220E + 00−3.2721E + 005.9300E − 02
GWO−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 002.1450E − 08−3.3220E + 00−3.2571E + 007.7900E − 02
WOA−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 001.1149E − 09−3.3219E + 00−3.2391E + 001.0780E − 01
SCA−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 004.2159E − 05−3.1547E + 00−2.9017E + 003.4730E − 01
SSO−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 003.4629E − 14−3.3220E + 00−3.2213E + 005.5000E − 02
SSA−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 004.0992E − 16−3.3220E + 00−3.2625E + 006.0100E − 02
ISSA−1.0316E + 00−1.0316E + 003.8328E − 16−3.3220E + 00−3.3030E + 004.4000E − 02

f15

PSO−1.0536E + 01−8.9375E + 002.8955E + 00
GWO−1.0536E + 01−1.0210E + 011.6059E + 00
WOA−1.0536E + 01−8.0035E + 003.0243E + 00
SCA−9.6019E + 01−4.0101E + 001.6223E + 00
SSO−1.0536E + 01−7.4916E + 003.5620E + 00
SSA−1.0536E + 01−8.9136E + 002.5.31E + 00
ISSA−1.0536E + 01−1.0536E + 011.0579E − 14