Pixel-Boundary-Dependent Segmentation Method for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

Table 1

Analysis summary of features.

Metrics	AD-FF	PSO-GIT2FMFs	DS-KL	Proposed improvements
Accuracy	0.872	0.923	0.9623	6.48% high
Precision	0.905	0.936	0.982	6.15% high
Error	0.071	0.052	0.0357	7.74% less
Sensitivity	0.915	0.954	0.989	7.4% high
Specificity	0.902	0.941	0.974	7.2% high
MCC	0.786	0.813	0.877	9.1% high