Locating Natural Frequency Faults in HVDC Transmission Systems Based on the Rotation-Invariant Technology Signal Parameter Estimation Algorithm and the Total Least Squares Method

<div>Voltage fault wave. (a) Metallic grounding. (b) Grounding based on transition resistance.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Figure 6

Figure 6: Locating Natural Frequency Faults in HVDC Transmission Systems Based on the Rotation-Invariant Technology Signal Parameter Estimation Algorithm and the Total Least Squares Method 

Figure 6 | Locating Natural Frequency Faults in HVDC Transmission Systems Based on the Rotation-Invariant Technology Signal Parameter Estimation Algorithm and the Total Least Squares Method 