Tent Chaotic Map and Population Classification Evolution Strategy-Based Dragonfly Algorithm for Global Optimization

Table 3

Comparison between PSO, DA, ADDA, and TPDA on optimizing benchmark functions in terms of mean and standard deviation (std).

Function	Statistical indicator	PSO	DA	ADDA	TPDA
F1	Mean	0.0508	14.2638	5.5259e − 18	4.5009e − 103
	Std	0.0858	21.5288	1.7865e − 17	2.4648e − 102
F2	Mean	2.9333	32.8333	1.0333	0
	Std	2.0500	60.8010	1.0662	0
F3	Mean	0.0107	2.0281	4.1682e − 19	2.9157e − 110
	Std	0.0200	6.0001	2.0664e − 18	1.5970e − 109
F4	Mean	0.0469	0.0267	0.0091	0.0017
	Std	0.0276	0.0184	0.0054	0.0014
F5	Mean	0.0393	2.9715	6.3187e − 08	3.9603e − 110
	Std	0.0417	6.5749	2.6553e − 07	2.1692e − 109
F6	Mean	6.4055	169.6565	444.5663	7.1576e − 114
	Std	10.8374	189.6573	915.9295	3.9204e − 113
F7	Mean	1.1806	2.7905	2.0341e − 04	2.9594e − 61
	Std	0.8098	1.9107	6.8497e − 04	1.6066e − 60
F8	Mean	36.9477	206.1612	44.4244	9.1071e − 63
	Std	42.3964	81.1923	55.2100	3.3850e − 62
F9	Mean	125.1680	5.8637e + 03	20.7235	5.7881
	Std	268.9845	1.7160e + 04	42.4079	4.1315
F10	Mean	0.7157	9.5542	0.5883	0.3366
	Std	0.0956	17.5807	0.2417	0.2275
F11	Mean	0	0.0138	0	0
	Std	0	0.0755	0	0
F12	Mean	0.3979	0.3979	0.3979	0.3979
	Std	0	9.3152e − 07	0	2.8804e − 05
F13	Mean	1.2861 e + 03	1.4973 e + 03	1.0212 e + 03	7.3452
	Std	301.5242	369.5061	312.6399	40.0918
F14	Mean	16.6381	29.8406	20.8580	0
	Std	6.6207	12.4046	8.5489	0
F15	Mean	0.0058	0.0062	0.0068	0
	Std	0.0048	0.0048	0.0045	0
F16	Mean	−1.0316	−1.0316	−1.0316	−1.0316
	Std	6.5843e − 16	3.3116e − 07	5.6835e − 16	1.0675e − 05
F17	Mean	1.8066	2.4662	0.6139	8.8818e − 16
	Std	0.9923	1.4222	0.6235	0
F18	Mean	0.2116	0.6396	0.2207	0
	Std	0.1113	0.5218	0.1128	0