Multitemporal Change Detection and Irregular Land Shape Area Measurement from Multispectral Sensor Images through BSO Algorithm

Table 2

Land cover classification spatial extent.

Land use land cover	SVM; Ref [14]	KNN Ref [15]	PSO classification (%)	DPSO classification (%)	FODPSO classification (%)	BSO classification (%)	Difference in classification between PSO family and BSO (%)
Road	9	8	12	14	3	25	11–22
Building	4	3	5	4	<1	30	26–29
Vegetation	12	9	28	29	12	44	15–32
Waterbody	13	10	30	21	22	40	19–20
Barren vegetation	14	9	14	12	5	13–15	1–2
Bare land	2	1	3	15	13	18	5–15
Coastal	2	2	2	3	1	25	22–24
Hill	3	2	4	<1	5	30	25–29