Multiobjective Optimization of Vehicle Handling and Stability Based on ADAMS

Table 3

Range of values of the variable factors.

Variable factors	Variable name	Initial value	Value range
λKf	Front suspension spring stiffness	1	0.8∼1.2
λKt	Tire lateral stiffness	1	0.8∼1.2
λβT	Front wheel toe angle	0	−1.0∼1.0