Metaheuristic Approach to Resolve the Real-World Problem of Binder in Concrete by Synthesizing Natural Iron-Rich Binder System Using Chemical Activation

Table

Chemical composition of materials used as per XRF data.

Samples	Laterite (%)	Fly ash (%)	Alccofine (%)	GGBFS (%)
SiO2	21.90	56.30	36.90	37.20
Al2O3	41.40	31.80	18.30	15.90
CaO	0.20	1.07	33.70	34.10
Fe2O3	14.80	3.96	0.69	0.47
P2O5	0.11	0.49	—	—
TiO2	1.10	1.72	0.61	0.92
Na2O	0.12	0.17	0.28	0.31
MgO	0.12	0.53	6.55	6.85
K2O	0.39	1.31	0.65	0.39
MnO	—	0.01	0.87	6.85
SO3	0.12	0.08	1.38	1.37
LOI	19.49	01.50	00.40	0.61