Application of Grey Deformation Prediction Model Optimized by Double Coefficient for Tailings Dam

Table 14

Predicted accumulative vertical deformation of the railway using different models.

Stage	Measured value/mm	Reference [23] model		GM-WC		GDPM-DC
		Predicted value/mm	Relative error/%	Predicted value/mm	Relative error/%	Predicted value/mm	Relative error/%
1	3.04	3.077	−1.22	3.040	0.00	3.040	0.00
2	3.21	3.082	3.99	3.016	6.05	3.113	−1.28
3	2.94	3.085	−4.93	3.034	−3.21	2.958	−1.83
4	2.85	3.088	−8.35	3.053	−7.12	2.948	1.04
5	3.17	3.090	2.52	3.072	3.11	3.053	1.82
6	3.03	3.092	−2.05	3.090	−1.99	3.086	1.60
7	3.28	3.093	5.70	3.109	5.20	3.118	−0.11
8	3.09	3.094	−0.13	3.128	−1.24	3.152	−0.62
9	2.95	3.095	−4.92	3.148	−6.69	3.040	−3.05
10	3.21	3.095	3.58	3.167	1.35	3.140	2.18
Mean relative error/%		—	4.25	—	4.02	—	2.62