Research Article
More on the Ridge Parameter Estimators for the Gamma Ridge Regression Model: Simulation and Applications
| Estimators | | | | | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 |
| MLE | 31.518 | 12.810 | 7.4891 | 5.0940 | 548.85 | 170.95 | 102.36 | 63.431 | 33123 | 8553.20 | 4820.8 | 2759.1 | 344865 | 72496 | 38657 | 23602 | k1 | 10.170 | 5.2528 | 3.5534 | 2.8790 | 159.30 | 51.847 | 34.238 | 22.884 | 7539.3 | 2237.5 | 1289.9 | 774.09 | 78440 | 16751 | 8776.3 | 5489.5 | k2 | 5.4285 | 7.5505 | 6.3063 | 4.8588 | 8.9885 | 14.153 | 21.989 | 28.889 | 15.716 | 49.046 | 81.527 | 106.43 | 12.219 | 50.420 | 105.49 | 144.81 | k3 | 1.7094 | 1.9041 | 2.0078 | 2.0734 | 3.9179 | 5.5824 | 6.7977 | 7.5811 | 1.0586 | 2.3778 | 6.5160 | 15.929 | 0.8136 | 1.4764 | 3.8880 | 11.249 | k4 | 3.6183 | 3.1069 | 2.5990 | 2.3475 | 19.991 | 16.415 | 15.861 | 14.039 | 271.48 | 212.99 | 188.54 | 160.47 | 452.73 | 332.11 | 295.10 | 261.35 | k5 | 3.0608 | 3.3286 | 3.1048 | 2.9326 | 15.714 | 15.972 | 16.598 | 15.655 | 202.25 | 211.74 | 219.85 | 205.41 | 316.92 | 315.74 | 327.51 | 301.96 | k6 | 24.397 | 11.834 | 7.1203 | 4.9531 | 332.61 | 142.29 | 90.608 | 58.847 | 13961 | 5940.3 | 3753.2 | 2354.4 | 112994 | 31125 | 19008 | 13770 | k7 | 19.404 | 10.662 | 6.7599 | 4.8331 | 231.14 | 118.37 | 82.067 | 55.841 | 7542.7 | 4384.4 | 3169.1 | 2145.0 | 31889 | 18091 | 14760 | 12481 | k8 | 0.8381 | 1.1817 | 1.4429 | 1.5758 | 0.7614 | 1.1258 | 2.4546 | 4.4338 | 0.9304 | 0.8474 | 0.8157 | 1.4046 | 0.9678 | 0.9204 | 0.8576 | 0.8937 | k9 | 19.404 | 10.662 | 6.7599 | 4.8331 | 231.14 | 118.37 | 82.067 | 55.841 | 7542.7 | 4384.4 | 3169.1 | 2145.0 | 31889 | 18091 | 14760 | 12481 | k10 | 1.9584 | 2.0052 | 1.9992 | 2.0049 | 8.1281 | 8.2988 | 8.9660 | 9.0530 | 61.506 | 69.778 | 80.927 | 86.761 | 113.89 | 119.01 | 137.42 | 147.20 | k11 | 0.9781 | 1.3095 | 1.5152 | 1.6283 | 0.8790 | 1.6943 | 3.3517 | 5.2258 | 0.8941 | 0.8313 | 1.0832 | 2.8092 | 0.9492 | 0.8946 | 0.9381 | 1.2347 | k12 | 0.9781 | 1.3095 | 1.5152 | 1.6283 | 0.8790 | 1.6943 | 3.3517 | 5.2258 | 0.8941 | 0.8313 | 1.0832 | 2.8092 | 0.9492 | 0.8946 | 0.9381 | 1.2347 | k13 | 1.4927 | 1.6567 | 1.7694 | 1.8468 | 5.0254 | 6.5029 | 7.4951 | 8.0930 | 13.277 | 29.998 | 50.139 | 67.298 | 13.480 | 33.652 | 64.079 | 92.902 | k14 | 1.1544 | 1.4148 | 1.5697 | 1.6589 | 1.3170 | 2.8816 | 4.7514 | 6.2700 | 0.7242 | 0.9163 | 2.4539 | 8.0469 | 0.7755 | 0.7500 | 1.3325 | 4.3198 | k15 | 1.5798 | 1.7303 | 1.8302 | 1.8951 | 5.6588 | 6.8508 | 7.7430 | 8.2589 | 21.044 | 37.398 | 56.000 | 70.673 | 29.172 | 51.381 | 80.742 | 104.54 | k16 | 1.1544 | 1.4155 | 1.5685 | 1.6579 | 1.3061 | 2.8789 | 4.7396 | 6.2587 | 0.7443 | 0.9240 | 2.4053 | 7.8554 | 0.8099 | 0.7658 | 1.2363 | 3.7984 | k17 | 21.280 | 10.884 | 6.9574 | 4.9549 | 175.91 | 82.765 | 67.232 | 50.421 | 1294.3 | 760.59 | 765.90 | 773.13 | 9014.9 | 3598.4 | 3429.7 | 3832.0 | k18 | 6.4513 | 6.0532 | 4.7174 | 3.9051 | 35.349 | 33.690 | 31.308 | 27.379 | 508.41 | 495.32 | 459.50 | 418.79 | 776.70 | 648.43 | 551.30 | 486.36 | k19 | 19.404 | 10.662 | 6.7599 | 4.8331 | 231.14 | 118.37 | 82.067 | 55.841 | 7542.7 | 4384.4 | 3169.1 | 2145.0 | 31889 | 18091 | 14760 | 12481 | k20 | 1.5295 | 1.6401 | 1.7122 | 1.7728 | 5.7026 | 6.6023 | 7.4225 | 7.8553 | 30.730 | 46.300 | 61.252 | 71.504 | 39.747 | 63.170 | 89.499 | 109.96 | k21 | 6.3796 | 4.0323 | 3.0536 | 2.6216 | 70.837 | 31.627 | 24.547 | 18.511 | 1866.2 | 892.45 | 593.10 | 406.04 | 7840.6 | 3087.7 | 1930.3 | 1359.5 | k22 | 2.0736 | 2.0631 | 2.0805 | 2.0668 | 9.2105 | 8.7322 | 9.3415 | 9.3922 | 77.528 | 77.556 | 87.922 | 91.956 | 187.27 | 160.57 | 171.82 | 172.20 | k23 | 0.9845 | 0.9616 | 0.9411 | 0.9083 | 0.9973 | 0.9959 | 0.9946 | 0.9924 | 0.9981 | 0.9981 | 0.9980 | 0.9980 | 0.9981 | 0.9981 | 0.9981 | 0.9981 | k24 | 3.0608 | 3.3286 | 3.1048 | 2.9326 | 15.714 | 15.972 | 16.598 | 15.655 | 202.25 | 211.74 | 219.85 | 205.41 | 316.92 | 315.74 | 327.51 | 301.96 | k25 | 0.8978 | 0.8163 | 0.7326 | 0.6863 | 0.9852 | 0.9712 | 0.9491 | 0.9105 | 0.9976 | 0.9971 | 0.9962 | 0.9947 | 0.9979 | 0.9977 | 0.9975 | 0.9970 | k26 | 19.404 | 10.662 | 6.7599 | 4.8331 | 231.14 | 118.37 | 82.067 | 55.841 | 7542.7 | 4384.4 | 3169.1 | 2145.0 | 31889 | 18091 | 14760 | 12482 | k27 | 0.9450 | 0.9066 | 0.8225 | 0.7301 | 0.9907 | 0.9849 | 0.9707 | 0.9441 | 0.9978 | 0.9975 | 0.9970 | 0.9959 | 0.9980 | 0.9978 | 0.9976 | 0.9970 | k28 | 1.8820 | 2.6039 | 2.9473 | 2.8756 | 3.2806 | 6.3674 | 8.4333 | 10.022 | 0.8087 | 1.4137 | 8.2826 | 35.071 | 0.8264 | 0.9878 | 4.1271 | 25.920 | k29 | 1.2804 | 1.5036 | 1.6828 | 1.8216 | 2.9820 | 4.3820 | 5.8833 | 6.9047 | 3.2381 | 8.5723 | 20.480 | 34.438 | 3.0232 | 9.3517 | 23.158 | 46.306 | k30 | 1.5230 | 1.8010 | 2.0139 | 2.2002 | 4.0589 | 5.8290 | 7.3120 | 8.2117 | 5.3798 | 13.806 | 31.542 | 51.372 | 6.6544 | 17.656 | 41.363 | 73.968 | k31 | 1.4545 | 1.6746 | 1.8352 | 1.9814 | 4.0824 | 5.4796 | 6.8619 | 7.8211 | 8.5528 | 17.097 | 33.829 | 51.328 | 11.311 | 29.114 | 59.228 | 89.860 | k32 | 1.0822 | 1.2810 | 1.4596 | 1.5940 | 1.9239 | 3.0664 | 4.5433 | 5.7466 | 1.3220 | 3.5431 | 9.6730 | 18.9740 | 1.0950 | 3.0748 | 8.4363 | 21.091 | k33 | 1.3042 | 1.4971 | 1.6165 | 1.6809 | 2.7613 | 4.4346 | 5.7563 | 6.7209 | 3.1648 | 7.1861 | 14.329 | 25.281 | 1.8519 | 4.2890 | 8.7828 | 14.553 | k34 | 0.7238 | 0.8407 | 0.9796 | 1.1076 | 0.7444 | 1.0084 | 1.4818 | 2.1231 | 0.7103 | 0.7811 | 1.1566 | 2.0741 | 0.7619 | 0.7468 | 0.9862 | 1.7112 | k35 | 0.9723 | 1.1551 | 1.3009 | 1.4001 | 1.3663 | 2.2732 | 3.3058 | 4.3108 | 0.9621 | 1.8566 | 3.9397 | 8.0267 | 0.8211 | 1.2789 | 2.6533 | 5.5979 | k36 | 2.4229 | 3.1027 | 3.3392 | 3.3923 | 5.9529 | 7.6365 | 9.1346 | 10.135 | 6.0246 | 15.667 | 36.925 | 61.218 | 7.6335 | 17.717 | 43.094 | 80.512 | k37 | 1.5763 | 1.6862 | 1.7868 | 1.7900 | 4.0750 | 5.7870 | 6.8136 | 7.5683 | 8.8063 | 16.152 | 25.972 | 42.241 | 8.6223 | 15.252 | 27.478 | 44.308 | k38 | 1.6404 | 1.7882 | 1.8843 | 1.9535 | 5.3138 | 6.5928 | 7.5043 | 8.0776 | 12.259 | 23.617 | 39.778 | 56.814 | 11.987 | 24.351 | 45.227 | 72.180 | k39 | 6.3796 | 4.0323 | 3.0536 | 2.6216 | 70.837 | 31.627 | 24.547 | 18.511 | 1866.2 | 892.45 | 593.10 | 406.04 | 7840.6 | 3087.7 | 1930.3 | 1359.5 | k40 | 1.0026 | 1.3403 | 1.5494 | 1.6593 | 0.9099 | 1.8440 | 3.5886 | 5.4674 | 0.8782 | 0.8330 | 1.1749 | 3.3760 | 0.9331 | 0.8662 | 0.9295 | 1.3857 |
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