Research Article
More on the Ridge Parameter Estimators for the Gamma Ridge Regression Model: Simulation and Applications
| Estimators | | | | | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 |
| MLE | 72.308 | 38.188 | 18.974 | 10.2833 | 40144 | 10718 | 4419.4 | 2342.1 | 57543 | 17562 | 7088.9 | 3648.3 | 70.442 | 3.81 × 106 | 954728 | 388186 | k1 | 19.601 | 11.257 | 6.3051 | 4.0017 | 9390.8 | 2683.9 | 1185.3 | 656.69 | 11884 | 4203.8 | 1809.0 | 956.963 | 19.033 | 775751 | 216193 | 97204 | k2 | 5.2776 | 10.3291 | 12.2623 | 9.2036 | 6.0862 | 18.179 | 36.578 | 58.088 | 6.2564 | 18.056 | 33.970 | 50.799 | 5.3016 | 6.6077 | 37.803 | 134.95 | k3 | 1.8552 | 2.0017 | 2.1722 | 2.3194 | 1.3883 | 2.6890 | 6.0217 | 12.055 | 1.4497 | 2.8942 | 6.2894 | 12.257 | 1.8711 | 0.8736 | 0.9725 | 1.6173 | k4 | 3.9704 | 3.2490 | 2.5676 | 2.1093 | 395.92 | 182.92 | 137.32 | 114.61 | 254.99 | 146.90 | 120.00 | 99.793 | 4.1271 | 1958.9 | 1518.8 | 1062.5 | k5 | 3.3019 | 3.5103 | 3.7106 | 3.7494 | 141.32 | 125.63 | 152.87 | 181.82 | 104.28 | 94.350 | 111.25 | 122.79 | 3.3814 | 1106.3 | 1254.0 | 1174.4 | k6 | 59.295 | 35.787 | 18.488 | 10.189 | 27245 | 9626.6 | 4275.8 | 2314.6 | 39019 | 15751 | 6852.4 | 3605.4 | 58.109 | 3.03 × 106 | 898962 | 382197 | k7 | 48.113 | 31.863 | 17.482 | 9.9105 | 18487 | 7783.5 | 3847.1 | 2200.2 | 23323 | 11927 | 5940.5 | 3363.2 | 47.224 | 1.68 × 106 | 657026 | 332503 | k8 | 1.0339 | 1.2155 | 1.4155 | 1.5704 | 0.9519 | 0.8950 | 0.9921 | 2.1184 | 0.9599 | 0.9026 | 0.9442 | 1.7284 | 1.0391 | 0.9948 | 0.9781 | 0.9401 | k9 | 48.113 | 31.863 | 17.4817 | 9.9105 | 18487 | 7783.5 | 3847.1 | 2200.2 | 23323 | 11927 | 5940.5 | 3363.2 | 47.224 | 1.68 × 106 | 657026 | 332503 | k10 | 2.4944 | 2.4496 | 2.3362 | 2.2301 | 32.673 | 37.852 | 43.261 | 45.817 | 36.300 | 39.923 | 43.342 | 43.798 | 2.5200 | 282.09 | 354.48 | 391.85 | k11 | 1.2325 | 1.4011 | 1.5783 | 1.7485 | 0.9261 | 1.0231 | 2.1296 | 6.1560 | 0.9338 | 0.9993 | 1.8553 | 4.9987 | 1.2374 | 0.9772 | 0.9418 | 0.9431 | k12 | 1.2325 | 1.4011 | 1.5783 | 1.7485 | 0.9261 | 1.0231 | 2.1296 | 6.1560 | 0.9338 | 0.9993 | 1.8553 | 4.9987 | 1.2374 | 0.9772 | 0.9418 | 0.9431 | k13 | 1.6290 | 1.7619 | 1.9135 | 2.0507 | 8.1970 | 15.512 | 25.008 | 32.757 | 8.1838 | 15.142 | 23.105 | 30.030 | 1.6425 | 22.617 | 59.595 | 125.60 | k14 | 1.3399 | 1.4670 | 1.6151 | 1.7590 | 0.9963 | 1.7899 | 4.7721 | 11.282 | 0.9858 | 1.7183 | 4.5774 | 10.702 | 1.3470 | 0.8842 | 0.9509 | 1.8785 | k15 | 1.8667 | 1.9998 | 2.1194 | 2.2169 | 11.842 | 19.126 | 27.986 | 34.847 | 12.463 | 19.378 | 26.553 | 32.396 | 1.8835 | 49.110 | 98.149 | 167.18 | k16 | 1.3473 | 1.4781 | 1.6245 | 1.7668 | 1.0146 | 1.8576 | 5.0235 | 11.754 | 1.0000 | 1.7816 | 4.7813 | 11.080 | 1.3543 | 0.8916 | 0.9645 | 1.9757 | k17 | 53.324 | 32.752 | 17.633 | 9.9719 | 4026.4 | 2198.2 | 1413.3 | 1114.6 | 6348.7 | 3576.6 | 2332.9 | 1765.64 | 51.450 | 169781 | 62551 | 42360 | k18 | 12.781 | 12.311 | 10.042 | 7.4255 | 886.22 | 690.13 | 775.18 | 821.29 | 500.47 | 451.78 | 579.91 | 693.86 | 12.874 | 3581.5 | 4205.9 | 6232.6 | k19 | 48.113 | 31.863 | 17.482 | 9.9105 | 18487 | 7783.5 | 3847.1 | 2200.2 | 23323 | 11927 | 5940.5 | 3363.2 | 47.224 | 1.68 × 106 | 657026 | 332503 | k20 | 1.5541 | 1.5977 | 1.6503 | 1.6900 | 13.289 | 18.158 | 24.384 | 29.878 | 13.402 | 18.218 | 23.693 | 28.901 | 1.5655 | 60.356 | 103.77 | 162.26 | k21 | 8.8484 | 5.7353 | 3.8388 | 2.8034 | 2721.4 | 844.08 | 452.91 | 279.76 | 2814.1 | 1153.8 | 594.42 | 342.32 | 9.0037 | 114158 | 38549 | 19912 | k22 | 2.6661 | 2.5780 | 2.4410 | 2.3454 | 37.427 | 42.912 | 46.447 | 47.778 | 42.514 | 45.249 | 47.903 | 46.487 | 2.6867 | 379.74 | 445.29 | 453.98 | k23 | 0.9898 | 0.9774 | 0.9516 | 0.9071 | 1.0049 | 1.0049 | 1.0048 | 1.0045 | 1.0050 | 1.0049 | 1.0049 | 1.005 | 0.9899 | 1.0050 | 1.0050 | 1.0050 | k24 | 3.3019 | 3.5103 | 3.7106 | 3.7494 | 141.32 | 125.63 | 152.87 | 181.82 | 104.28 | 94.350 | 111.25 | 122.79 | 3.3814 | 1106.3 | 1254.0 | 1174.4 | k25 | 0.9285 | 0.8875 | 0.8423 | 0.8346 | 1.0043 | 1.0038 | 1.0028 | 1.0010 | 1.0045 | 1.0041 | 1.0032 | 1.0018 | 0.9294 | 1.0050 | 1.0050 | 1.0049 | k26 | 48.113 | 31.863 | 17.482 | 9.9105 | 18487 | 7783.5 | 3847.1 | 2200.2 | 23323 | 11927 | 5940.5 | 3363.2 | 47.224 | 1.68 × 106 | 657026 | 332503 | k27 | 0.9391 | 0.9260 | 0.8955 | 0.8634 | 0.9773 | 0.9772 | 0.9770 | 0.9768 | 0.9774 | 0.9773 | 0.9772 | 0.9771 | 0.9396 | 0.9775 | 0.9775 | 0.9775 | k28 | 4.3552 | 6.6814 | 6.6748 | 4.8400 | 1.6317 | 5.1811 | 16.118 | 31.174 | 1.7398 | 5.4603 | 16.558 | 29.800 | 4.3194 | 1.0890 | 2.0904 | 9.3466 | k29 | 1.3444 | 1.4884 | 1.6597 | 1.8171 | 2.0773 | 4.3448 | 9.4107 | 16.822 | 2.0633 | 4.4806 | 9.2616 | 16.343 | 1.3625 | 2.3298 | 6.5353 | 20.132 | k30 | 1.6515 | 1.8536 | 2.0909 | 2.3270 | 3.5331 | 7.7800 | 15.297 | 24.783 | 3.7202 | 8.1887 | 15.315 | 23.851 | 1.6628 | 5.6281 | 16.159 | 46.381 | k31 | 1.6207 | 1.7786 | 1.9675 | 2.1293 | 3.4061 | 7.0313 | 14.017 | 23.099 | 3.4349 | 7.0622 | 13.717 | 21.659 | 1.6194 | 3.9860 | 11.585 | 33.270 | k32 | 1.1043 | 1.2194 | 1.3684 | 1.5058 | 1.1926 | 2.0176 | 4.6313 | 9.2964 | 1.1770 | 2.1001 | 4.4973 | 9.1353 | 1.1222 | 1.1568 | 2.3355 | 6.7258 | k33 | 1.5526 | 1.6618 | 1.7997 | 1.8992 | 3.6727 | 8.5836 | 16.372 | 24.135 | 3.7248 | 8.4636 | 15.346 | 22.700 | 1.5766 | 5.4379 | 14.803 | 40.039 | k34 | 1.0052 | 1.0821 | 1.1800 | 1.2754 | 0.9314 | 1.2115 | 2.1140 | 3.8994 | 0.9294 | 1.1790 | 2.1143 | 3.9048 | 1.0077 | 0.9111 | 0.9919 | 1.5646 | k35 | 1.2670 | 1.3379 | 1.4223 | 1.4894 | 1.6266 | 3.4960 | 7.7132 | 13.257 | 1.5455 | 3.1921 | 7.0919 | 12.1988 | 1.2750 | 1.2246 | 2.6049 | 7.2451 | k36 | 2.7759 | 3.4093 | 4.1146 | 4.6011 | 4.5154 | 9.5250 | 18.057 | 28.121 | 5.1463 | 10.474 | 18.234 | 27.009 | 2.7911 | 6.7313 | 15.691 | 41.221 | k37 | 2.4277 | 2.8167 | 2.6945 | 2.6088 | 11.206 | 16.915 | 30.688 | 36.894 | 10.130 | 15.533 | 26.615 | 31.220 | 2.5424 | 18.609 | 47.203 | 88.016 | k38 | 1.6094 | 1.6846 | 1.7951 | 1.9042 | 6.6968 | 10.621 | 17.494 | 24.775 | 6.5935 | 10.523 | 16.316 | 23.028 | 1.6277 | 10.816 | 21.930 | 45.811 | k39 | 8.8484 | 5.7353 | 3.8388 | 2.8034 | 2721.4 | 844.08 | 452.91 | 279.76 | 2814.1 | 1153.8 | 594.42 | 342.32 | 9.0037 | 114158 | 38549 | 19912 | k40 | 1.2498 | 1.4246 | 1.6246 | 1.8267 | 0.9184 | 1.0268 | 2.2413 | 6.4241 | 0.9258 | 0.9774 | 1.8785 | 5.1803 | 1.2566 | 0.9717 | 0.9292 | 0.9076 |
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