Research Article
More on the Ridge Parameter Estimators for the Gamma Ridge Regression Model: Simulation and Applications
| Estimators | | | | | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 |
| MLE | 1.78 × 1013 | 2.52 × 108 | 4.99 × 106 | 1.08 × 106 | 8.45 × 1011 | 7.46 × 107 | 3.50 × 106 | 956068 | 5854.5 | 2152.7 | 860.70 | 403.46 | 4.37 × 1016 | 1.45 × 1014 | 2.46 × 109 | 2.20 × 108 | k1 | 1.04 × 1010 | 2.27 × 107 | 822497 | 254439 | 8.06 × 108 | 7.65 × 106 | 643865 | 242101 | 1268.0 | 514.02 | 225.83 | 104.60 | 1.85 × 1014 | 2.02 × 1010 | 3.98 × 108 | 3.78 × 107 | k2 | 0.9685 | 1.0421 | 2.7081 | 21.297 | 0.9601 | 1.2099 | 5.0828 | 42.885 | 5.4207 | 8.4487 | 15.756 | 41.504 | 0.9853 | 0.9676 | 1.0697 | 3.0810 | k3 | 0.9842 | 0.9745 | 0.9569 | 0.9503 | 0.9750 | 0.9632 | 0.9516 | 0.9908 | 3.9293 | 5.3772 | 6.3611 | 6.9937 | 0.9962 | 0.9923 | 0.9844 | 0.9734 | k4 | 5.93 × 108 | 810198 | 45515 | 22896 | 8.06 × 107 | 178688 | 31886 | 18723 | 42.958 | 27.306 | 20.747 | 14.880 | 6.05 × 1011 | 3.10 × 108 | 835464 | 200112 | k5 | 1.54 × 108 | 195124 | 36249 | 59345 | 6.98 × 106 | 27221 | 15048 | 27206 | 12.397 | 14.069 | 17.942 | 22.417 | 1.50 × 1011 | 3.60 × 107 | 88858 | 49047 | k6 | 2.05 × 1010 | 1.01 × 108 | 4.46 × 106 | 1.06 × 106 | 2.60 × 109 | 3.70 × 107 | 3.21 × 106 | 939987 | 4370.7 | 1959.4 | 836.99 | 398.88 | 2.79 × 1014 | 8.23 × 1010 | 2.35 × 109 | 2.10 × 108 | k7 | 1.72 × 1010 | | 4.04 × 106 | 1.04 × 106 | 1.73 × 109 | 2.89 × 107 | 2.92 × 106 | 912529 | 3342.2 | 1738.1 | 798.25 | 389.81 | 1.84 × 1014 | 5.95 × 1010 | 1.80 × 109 | 1.91 × 108 | k8 | 1.0039 | 1.0033 | 1.0004 | 0.9935 | 1.0039 | 1.0030 | 0.9998 | 0.9918 | 0.9470 | 1.0104 | 1.5945 | 3.1829 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0039 | 1.0034 | k9 | 1.77 × 1010 | 8.20 × 107 | 3.94 × 106 | 1.02 × 106 | 1.74 × 109 | 2.80 × 107 | 2.85 × 106 | 904606 | 3337.3 | 1663.4 | 794.67 | 390.91 | 2.02 × 1014 | 5.89 × 1010 | 1.77 × 109 | 1.87 × 108 | k10 | 8612.0 | 483.04 | 478.06 | 775.01 | 1890.7 | 450.57 | 513.78 | 776.01 | 9.0530 | 9.3386 | 9.0839 | 8.9543 | 616179 | 7983.9 | 2422.3 | 2960.9 | k11 | 1.0035 | 1.0016 | 0.9934 | 0.9766 | 1.0034 | 1.0008 | 0.9917 | 0.9729 | 1.0035 | 1.5861 | 3.0913 | 4.9441 | 1.0041 | 1.0039 | 1.0034 | 1.0019 | k12 | 1.0035 | 1.0016 | 0.9934 | 0.9766 | 1.0034 | 1.0008 | 0.9917 | 0.9729 | 1.0035 | 1.5861 | 3.0913 | 4.9441 | 1.0041 | 1.0039 | 1.0034 | 1.0019 | k13 | 12.257 | 11.423 | 35.965 | 131.52 | 8.9936 | 13.979 | 44.912 | 148.98 | 4.1579 | 5.5758 | 6.5139 | 7.1137 | 50.906 | 11.506 | 22.000 | 77.783 | k14 | 0.9967 | 0.9825 | 0.9580 | 0.9758 | 0.9930 | 0.9759 | 0.9545 | 1.0175 | 1.6391 | 3.0236 | 4.6118 | 5.8777 | 1.0031 | 0.9993 | 0.9897 | 0.9725 | k15 | 31.547 | 26.701 | 60.311 | 173.24 | 26.224 | 34.028 | 78.400 | 203.46 | 5.2301 | 6.4145 | 7.0582 | 7.4980 | 201.66 | 53.938 | 82.405 | 208.88 | k16 | 0.9971 | 0.9833 | 0.9586 | 0.9821 | 0.9939 | 0.9772 | 0.9558 | 1.0290 | 1.5921 | 2.9922 | 4.6237 | 5.9034 | 1.0032 | 0.9999 | 0.9911 | 0.9740 | k17 | 3.19 × 107 | 341291 | 37920 | 18495 | 1.21 × 107 | 260523 | 40855 | 24937 | 2115.3 | 1141.3 | 625.30 | 341.05 | 1.55 × 109 | 4.00 × 107 | 5.22 × 106 | 820896 | k18 | 1.20 × 109 | 3.44 × 106 | 535659 | 444892 | 1.04 × 108 | 543210 | 265860 | 290273 | 165.56 | 187.44 | 208.45 | 178.50 | | 4.55 × 108 | | 1.24 × 106 | k19 | 1.77 × 1010 | 8.20 × 107 | 3.94 × 106 | 1.02 × 106 | 1.74 × 109 | 2.80 × 107 | 2.85 × 106 | 904607 | 3337.5 | 1663.4 | 794.70 | 390.96 | 2.02 × 1014 | 5.89 × 1010 | 1.77 × 109 | 1.87 × 108 | k20 | 1480.6 | 106.87 | 124.28 | 215.39 | 306.99 | 98.484 | 143.64 | 250.25 | 4.4039 | 5.3021 | 5.8812 | 6.2746 | 38329 | 550.19 | 298.12 | 486.93 | k21 | 3.94 × 109 | 5399067 | 213503 | 84638 | 2.09 × 108 | 1.76 × 106 | 177116 | 78840 | 346.70 | 149.88 | 72.244 | 38.708 | 5.47 × 1013 | 6.36 × 109 | 5.21 × 107 | 6.97 × 106 | k22 | 10490 | 589.00 | 546.15 | 867.83 | 2483.3 | 551.77 | 595.77 | 864.07 | 10.753 | 10.560 | 9.8703 | 9.5172 | 943534 | 12961 | 3128.9 | 3792.6 | k23 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0040 | 1.0039 | 1.0033 | 1.0024 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | k24 | 1.56 × 108 | 224728 | 36101 | 59666 | 7.51 × 106 | 27577 | 14987 | 27385 | 12.465 | 14.288 | 17.889 | 22.364 | 1.43 × 1011 | 3.90 × 107 | 87527 | 49178 | k25 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0030 | 1.0022 | 1.0002 | 0.9967 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | k26 | 1.77 × 1010 | 8.20 × 107 | 3.94 × 106 | 1.02 × 106 | 1.74 × 109 | 2.80 × 107 | 2.85 × 106 | 904607 | 3337.5 | 1663.4 | 794.70 | 390.96 | 2.02 × 1014 | 5.89 × 1010 | 1.77 × 109 | 1.87 × 108 | k27 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9668 | 0.9665 | 0.9659 | 0.9648 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | k28 | 0.9951 | 0.9910 | 0.9917 | 1.0288 | 0.9904 | 0.9884 | 0.9970 | 1.1160 | 4.0927 | 6.6037 | 8.9366 | 15.018 | 0.9990 | 0.9964 | 0.9922 | 0.9934 | k29 | 1.0107 | 1.0866 | 1.3209 | 2.5262 | 1.0283 | 1.1498 | 1.6009 | 3.7065 | 2.1682 | 3.2864 | 4.5025 | 5.5491 | 0.9919 | 1.0151 | 1.0780 | 1.4039 | k30 | 2.6626 | 1.7358 | 2.5028 | 6.1325 | 2.0745 | 2.0259 | 3.5581 | 9.7830 | 3.2311 | 4.7044 | 5.8355 | 6.6540 | 5.1585 | 1.7755 | 1.9441 | 3.4529 | k31 | 2.8836 | 1.6910 | 2.3432 | 5.9390 | 2.2116 | 1.9080 | 3.1633 | 8.9890 | 3.1002 | 4.5298 | 5.6648 | 6.5095 | 5.6065 | 1.5372 | 1.5666 | 2.6659 | k32 | 0.9812 | 0.9827 | 0.9948 | 1.1395 | 0.9776 | 0.9845 | 1.0229 | 1.3034 | 1.3036 | 1.8415 | 2.7228 | 3.7354 | 0.9884 | 0.9840 | 0.9805 | 0.9997 | k33 | 1.0438 | 1.4413 | 3.9994 | 14.372 | 1.0732 | 1.7906 | 5.6668 | 20.733 | 3.4934 | 5.0094 | 6.1043 | 6.8142 | 0.9889 | 1.0885 | 1.6135 | 4.8286 | k34 | 0.9984 | 0.9853 | 0.9618 | 0.9793 | 0.9952 | 0.9792 | 0.9591 | 1.0139 | 1.0726 | 1.4308 | 2.0061 | 2.7768 | 1.0033 | 0.9999 | 0.9909 | 0.9722 | k35 | 0.9879 | 0.9981 | 1.2822 | 3.0494 | 0.9807 | 1.0123 | 1.4609 | 3.9277 | 2.1249 | 3.3359 | 4.5534 | 5.5687 | 1.0009 | 0.9900 | 0.9763 | 1.0791 | k36 | 14.632 | 2.0724 | 2.1233 | 3.5756 | 7.0221 | 2.6376 | 3.4018 | 6.8472 | 5.0044 | 6.5656 | 7.5279 | 8.3898 | 240.10 | 7.0247 | 2.9179 | 3.2250 | k37 | 4.5811 | 10.575 | 36.664 | 133.67 | 3.9710 | 32.159 | 45.503 | 112.06 | 6.6847 | 8.1004 | 9.6153 | 10.636 | 1.7543 | 7.4449 | 147.56 | 70.406 | k38 | 283.58 | 24.919 | 31.084 | 63.576 | 82.410 | 22.596 | 35.284 | 75.839 | 4.7330 | 5.9457 | 6.7551 | 7.2816 | 8382.0 | 85.319 | 26.256 | 38.644 | k39 | 3.94 × 109 | 5.40 × 106 | 213503 | 84638 | 2.09 × 108 | | 177116 | 78840 | 346.70 | 149.88 | 72.244 | 38.708 | 5.47 × 1013 | 6.36 × 109 | 5.21 × 107 | 6.97 × 106 | k40 | 1.0035 | 1.0012 | 0.9922 | 0.9739 | 1.0032 | 1.0002 | 0.9900 | 0.9700 | 1.0286 | 1.7017 | 3.2948 | 5.1341 | 1.0041 | 1.0039 | 1.0032 | 1.0013 |
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