Research Article
More on the Ridge Parameter Estimators for the Gamma Ridge Regression Model: Simulation and Applications
| Estimators | | | | | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | n = 25 | n = 50 | n = 100 | n = 200 | 25 | 50 | 100 | 200 | 25 | 50 | 100 | 200 |
| MLE | 1.19 × 106 | 50275 | 11594 | 4539.1 | 460923 | 37968 | 9900.4 | 4075.2 | 19.790 | 9.7643 | 4.4577 | 2.6011 | 5.45 × 1010 | 2.41 × 107 | 2.15 × 106 | 635466 | k1 | 110877 | 8097.9 | 2843.2 | 1309.3 | 51610 | 6882.1 | 2497.9 | 1124.1 | 5.3504 | 3.0594 | 1.8118 | 1.3616 | 2.91 × 108 | 2.70 × 106 | 402580 | 159854 | k2 | 1.7492 | 6.4316 | 19.637 | 50.191 | 2.2311 | 7.3172 | 18.787 | 39.811 | 5.5736 | 6.4880 | 4.1404 | 2.5655 | 1.0335 | 2.6542 | 12.962 | 49.377 | k3 | 1.0877 | 1.7043 | 3.4140 | 7.6102 | 1.2640 | 2.2461 | 4.5891 | 9.0922 | 2.5476 | 2.7191 | 2.4787 | 2.0227 | 0.9456 | 1.0055 | 1.2682 | 2.2578 | k4 | 2992.1 | 485.79 | 270.83 | 170.00 | 1118.1 | 280.60 | 175.32 | 113.59 | 1.1651 | 1.1125 | 1.0222 | 0.9889 | 1.63 × 106 | 5429.0 | 1843.5 | 1349.8 | k5 | 730.07 | 241.84 | 373.82 | 559.77 | 186.11 | 98.517 | 155.02 | 235.57 | 1.0032 | 1.0380 | 1.0782 | 1.1252 | 262550 | 562.34 | 409.85 | 604.54 | k6 | 324284 | 38381 | 11128 | 4484.9 | 165662 | 30748 | 9550.9 | 4028.8 | 16.167 | 9.0709 | 4.3593 | 2.5816 | 6.50 × 108 | 1.33 × 107 | 2.00 × 106 | 625376 | k7 | 235937 | 32920 | 10611 | 4410.2 | 113074 | 25937 | 9045.8 | 3947.0 | 13.338 | 8.2949 | 4.2210 | 2.5476 | 3.82 × 108 | 8.75 × 106 | 1.72 × 106 | 594280 | k8 | 0.9865 | 0.9647 | 1.0538 | 2.0649 | 0.9820 | 0.9634 | 1.0810 | 2.2349 | 0.9391 | 0.9696 | 1.0280 | 1.1469 | 1.0031 | 0.9995 | 0.9886 | 0.9673 | k9 | 240058 | 30816 | 10231 | 4352.1 | 110582 | 24678 | 8999.5 | 3912.6 | 13.129 | 7.9135 | 4.1747 | 2.4915 | 3.12 × 108 | 8.43 × 106 | 1.66 × 106 | 589843 | k10 | 47.659 | 41.831 | 50.734 | 61.908 | 36.449 | 34.185 | 39.956 | 42.426 | 1.3448 | 1.3278 | 1.2356 | 1.1729 | 837.22 | 199.07 | 195.08 | 228.12 | k11 | 0.9728 | 1.0660 | 1.9533 | 6.1117 | 0.9686 | 1.0889 | 2.0980 | 6.1116 | 0.9979 | 1.1193 | 1.3498 | 1.4965 | 1.0013 | 0.9922 | 0.9716 | 0.9943 | k12 | 0.9728 | 1.0660 | 1.9533 | 6.1117 | 0.9686 | 1.0889 | 2.0980 | 6.1116 | 0.9979 | 1.1193 | 1.3498 | 1.4965 | 1.0013 | 0.9922 | 0.9716 | 0.9943 | k13 | 4.7866 | 9.7449 | 19.042 | 32.978 | 4.5145 | 8.6659 | 15.099 | 23.087 | 1.0098 | 1.0718 | 1.1196 | 1.1592 | 6.1015 | 11.455 | 26.699 | 58.845 | k14 | 1.0107 | 1.6693 | 4.0829 | 10.401 | 1.0483 | 1.8921 | 4.5211 | 10.126 | 1.0241 | 1.1377 | 1.2934 | 1.3880 | 0.9713 | 0.9768 | 1.2442 | 2.9132 | k15 | 8.0659 | 13.587 | 23.408 | 37.650 | 7.5736 | 12.241 | 19.137 | 26.422 | 1.1798 | 1.2677 | 1.2954 | 1.2905 | 19.300 | 26.954 | 46.915 | 84.014 | k16 | 1.0065 | 1.6854 | 4.2256 | 10.774 | 1.0386 | 1.8799 | 4.6051 | 10.369 | 1.0205 | 1.1365 | 1.2987 | 1.3922 | 0.9747 | 0.9728 | 1.2114 | 2.8181 | k17 | 99008 | 9269.5 | 4003.4 | 2330.0 | 53020 | 9979.2 | 4546.3 | 2459.1 | 19.078 | 9.2395 | 4.4484 | 2.5991 | 1.28 × 107 | 1.55 × 106 | 298878 | 160409 | k18 | 9660.8 | 3385.3 | 3596.7 | 2777.0 | 2893.2 | 1669.1 | 2077.7 | 1896.3 | 2.4196 | 2.5495 | 2.3782 | 1.9628 | 2.23 × 106 | 9469.9 | 7038.2 | 15233 | k19 | 240057 | 30816 | 10231 | 4352.2 | 110582 | 24677 | 8999.4 | 3912.7 | 13.195 | 7.9652 | 4.2292 | 2.5488 | 3.12 × 108 | 8.43 × 106 | 1.66 × 106 | 589844 | k20 | 10.517 | 11.533 | 16.601 | 23.257 | 8.0725 | 10.006 | 13.583 | 17.761 | 0.9707 | 0.9950 | 0.9858 | 0.9814 | 55.089 | 29.932 | 43.861 | 70.989 | k21 | 24188 | 2241.2 | 945.39 | 505.10 | 11992 | 1824.7 | 780.74 | 386.36 | 2.2314 | 1.6109 | 1.2288 | 1.0886 | 4.21 × 107 | 403633 | 79695 | 35132 | k22 | 61.762 | 51.350 | 59.100 | 69.130 | 48.549 | 42.144 | 47.813 | 47.960 | 1.4940 | 1.4232 | 1.2932 | 1.2198 | 1322.2 | 266.47 | 242.12 | 277.40 | k23 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0039 | 1.0037 | 1.0041 | 1.0040 | 1.0039 | 1.0036 | 0.9532 | 0.9497 | 0.9387 | 0.9415 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | k24 | 733.16 | 246.10 | 371.26 | 557.76 | 184.95 | 100.86 | 155.66 | 236.62 | 1.0040 | 1.0390 | 1.0822 | 1.1234 | 269686 | 571.39 | 406.17 | 604.75 | k25 | 1.0039 | 1.0037 | 1.0032 | 1.0024 | 1.0039 | 1.0036 | 1.0029 | 1.0020 | 0.9288 | 0.9412 | 0.9397 | 0.9432 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | 1.0041 | k26 | 240057 | 30816 | 10231 | 4352.2 | 110582 | 24677 | 8999.4 | 3912.7 | 13.195 | 7.9652 | 4.2292 | 2.5488 | 3.12 × 108 | 8.43 × 106 | 1.66 × 106 | 589844 | k27 | 0.9672 | 0.9671 | 0.9669 | 0.9666 | 0.9672 | 0.9671 | 0.9669 | 0.9666 | 0.8979 | 0.9049 | 0.9019 | 0.9051 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | 0.9673 | k28 | 1.8040 | 5.3422 | 15.705 | 38.379 | 2.3066 | 6.8309 | 18.001 | 34.056 | 8.2036 | 4.8810 | 2.6595 | 1.7511 | 1.1203 | 1.9575 | 5.5450 | 20.636 | k29 | 1.4525 | 2.5657 | 5.4101 | 11.703 | 1.5549 | 2.7643 | 5.5611 | 10.444 | 0.9943 | 1.0499 | 1.0877 | 1.1282 | 1.1806 | 1.7601 | 3.8901 | 9.9269 | k30 | 2.4023 | 4.5919 | 9.5789 | 18.964 | 2.5738 | 4.8586 | 9.3053 | 15.831 | 1.1380 | 1.2855 | 1.3748 | 1.4015 | 2.5177 | 3.8006 | 8.9451 | 22.362 | k31 | 2.3824 | 4.4628 | 9.3948 | 18.760 | 2.5153 | 4.6700 | 8.9151 | 15.518 | 1.1065 | 1.2239 | 1.2870 | 1.3230 | 2.2560 | 3.2904 | 7.3941 | 19.382 | k32 | 1.0308 | 1.3261 | 2.2203 | 4.7364 | 1.0519 | 1.4073 | 2.4323 | 4.8172 | 0.9422 | 0.9626 | 0.9712 | 0.9882 | 0.9707 | 1.0807 | 1.5470 | 3.1596 | k33 | 2.3735 | 6.1570 | 13.367 | 24.283 | 2.5350 | 6.0765 | 11.552 | 18.552 | 1.1258 | 1.2472 | 1.3625 | 1.3783 | 1.4391 | 3.9308 | 12.007 | 31.962 | k34 | 0.9712 | 1.1598 | 1.8992 | 3.9573 | 0.9741 | 1.2187 | 2.0457 | 4.2423 | 0.9295 | 0.9451 | 0.9438 | 0.9451 | 0.9880 | 0.9763 | 1.0455 | 1.6458 | k35 | 1.3223 | 2.9901 | 7.3060 | 15.441 | 1.3878 | 3.0498 | 6.5869 | 12.637 | 0.9568 | 0.9759 | 0.9860 | 0.9907 | 0.9843 | 1.2414 | 2.7364 | 9.0538 | k36 | 3.1859 | 5.3932 | 10.544 | 20.109 | 3.5965 | 6.2815 | 11.210 | 17.737 | 3.4903 | 3.7482 | 3.1334 | 2.2979 | 6.9693 | 6.4907 | 12.404 | 25.173 | k37 | 18.868 | 36.709 | 44.422 | 59.754 | 6.7346 | 33.071 | 26.729 | 44.498 | 1.9955 | 2.0829 | 2.0033 | 1.7349 | 6.2136 | 15.589 | 31.959 | 63.008 | k38 | 5.4019 | 7.0314 | 11.819 | 19.505 | 4.4925 | 6.3083 | 10.110 | 15.378 | 1.0263 | 1.0600 | 1.1006 | 1.1392 | 14.291 | 8.1816 | 13.515 | 25.783 | k39 | 24188 | 2241.23 | 945.39 | 505.10 | 11992 | 1824.7 | 780.74 | 386.36 | 2.2314 | 1.6109 | 1.2288 | 1.0886 | 4.21 × 107 | 403633 | 79695 | 35131 | k40 | 0.9712 | 1.0833 | 2.1314 | 6.8278 | 0.9650 | 1.1265 | 2.2930 | 6.7265 | 1.0100 | 1.1479 | 1.4179 | 1.5744 | 1.0003 | 0.9887 | 0.9660 | 1.0161 |
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