Commercial Bank Performance and Ownership Concentration: An Empirical Analysis of Commercial Banks from a Global Perspective

Table 2

Descriptive statistics.

Variable	Obs	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Per	435	−6.098	6.206	−21.00	31.69
SR1	435	0.271	0.256	0.0310	1
SR5	435	0.495	0.283	0.107	1
SR10	435	0.576	0.263	0.150	1
Hfdl1 (SR1^2)	435	0.139	0.238	0.00100	1
Hfdl5	435	0.169	0.243	0.00300	1
Hfdl10	435	0.171	0.242	0.00300	1
SR1^3	435	0.0960	0.222	0.00003	1
Log (Bank size)	435	20.23	0.786	18.56	22.35
Log (Net income)	435	13.77	6.012	−16.30	17.70
Equity/total assets	435	7.145	2.222	3.430	15.28
Gdp_gr	435	1.639	3.731	−10.82	8.256

Note. PER is the performance value obtained based on the performance indicator system in Table 1; SR1, SR5, and SR10 represent the sum of the shareholding ratios of the top 1, 5, and 10 shareholders, respectively; Hfdl1, Hfdl5, and Hfdl10 represent the sum of the squares of the shareholding ratios of the top 1, 5, and 10 shareholders, respectively; SR1^3 represents the cube of the shareholding ratio of the largest shareholder; Log(Bank size) represents the logarithm of the bank’s total assets for the year; Log(Net income) represents the logarithm of the bank’s net income for the year; equity/total assets represent the bank’s leverage; Gdp_gr represents the GDP growth rate of the country to which the bank belongs in the current year.