Analysis and Optimization of Suspension Spring Stiffness for Improving Frequency Response Characteristics of the Vehicle

Table 2

Changes in parameters before and after optimization.

Original car	0.52	4.42	0.54	0.20	0.14	42.00	20.00
Relative optimal solution	0.47	4.31	0.56	21.00	0.13	52.40	30.50
Pareto solution	0.48	4.35	0.58	0.20	0.13	34.50	24.50
Percentage (Pareto solution) (%)	−7.60	−15.80	+7.40	−9.10	−7.10	−17.80	+22.50