Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Jacking Force and Its Influencing Factors during the Vertical Tunneling Process

Table 4

Engineering geotechnical parameters of poorly graded sand in the vertical tunneling project in Beihai.

Parameter	Elastic modulus E(MPa)	Poisson’s ratio μ	Unit weight of soil γ(kN/m^3)	Cohesion c(kPa)	The angle of internal friction φ (°)	Static earth pressure coefficient K0
Mean	14.91	0.20	20	5	20	0.255
Range	2.71∼27.10	0.15∼0.25	15∼25	0∼10	5–35	0.18∼0.33