Numerical Simulation Analysis of the Jacking Force and Its Influencing Factors during the Vertical Tunneling Process

Table 5

Poisson’s ratios and static earth pressure coefficients of different soil [22].

Soil	Poisson’s ratio	Static earth pressure coefficients
Gravel	0.15∼0.20	0.18∼0.25
Sand	0.20∼0.25	0.25∼0.33