Research Article

Modelling and Design Optimization of a Novel Wide-Body Transport Aircraft to Improve the Structural Integrity

Table 9

Comparative outline of baseline and optimized configuration.

ParametersSpecificationsParametersConstant values

Wing configurationLow wingTail arm moment, lht,m0.55 of Lf
Wing planformBackward sweepWing sweep angle, ΛC/4, (°)29
Root section airfoilNASA SC 0412Ultimate load factor, Nult6
Tip section airfoilNASA SC 0410Maximum thickness-to-chord ratio, (t/c)max ()0.12
t/c location of root chord, kR0.37Density of wing material, , kg/m32106
t/c location of tip chord, kT0.380.0025
Dihedral angle2.3°Density of fuselage material, ρmat,f, kg/m32682.3
Fuselage configurationTwin aisleFuselage density factor, Kρf0.0025
Tail configurationConventionalHT sweep angle, ΛC/4,HT34
Root section airfoilNASA 0009Elevator-to-tail chord ratio, Ce/CT0.35
Tip section airfoilNASA 0009Maximum thickness-to-chord ratio, (t/c)maxHT0.09
Tip section airfoilNASA (LS) 0410Density of HT material, ρmat,HT, kg/m32106
VT sweep angle, ΛC/4,HT44HT density factor, KρHT0.02
Elevator-to-tail chord ratio, Cr/CT0.25Retractable landing gear factor, Kret1.07
Landing gear configurationMultibogeyLG density factor, KLG0.32
LG tires2; 8Landing gear height, HLG0.5
Aircraft paint coefficient6.45  10−6Engine weight factor, KE3
Oswald efficiency0.8Number of engines installed, NE2

Design variablesNotationsBaselineGeneric valueOptimized value
Lower boundUpper bound

Wing area (m2)219122845200.0
Wing span (m)43.933.979.842.87
Taper ratio of wing0.2590.20.350.32
Length of the fuselage (m)Lf46.7033.876.7347.2
Diameter of the fuselage (m)Df5.746.25.9
Horizontal tail surface area (m2)SHT76.82856381.569.1
Horizontal tail span length (m)bHT16.2612.4531.2916
Taper ratio of horizontal tailλHT0.340.250.380.385
Vertical tail surface area (m2)SVT45.23530.545.552.2
Vertical tail span length (m)bVT8.37.59.57.97
Taper ratio of vertical tailλVT0.390.300.320.31
Aerodynamic efficiencyL/D16.3151816.7
Design objective (N)MTOW14,12,64013,59,690