Research on Development Mechanism and Criterion of Upward Fractures in Longwall Face Mining

Table 2

The material ratio of physical simulation experiment.

Lithology	Thickness (m)	Depth (m)	Consumables (kg)
			Sand	Plaster	Calcium carbonate	Fly ash
Loess	39.00	39.00	Sand (56.16) : loess (16.16) : silicone oil (12.48)
Red soil	30.80	69.80	Sand (56.16) : loess (16.16) : silicone oil (12.48)
Siltstone	4.00	73.80	11.52	0.38	0.90
Fine-grained sandstone	2.40	76.20	6.83	0.26	0.60
Sandy mudstone	0.80	77.00	2.30	0.03	0.23
Fine-grained sandstone	2.50	79.50	7.11	0.27	0.62
Siltstone	10.60	90.10	30.53	1.02	2.37
Fine-grained sandstone	3.00	93.10	8.53	0.32	0.75
Medium-grained sandstone	2.10	95.20	5.97	0.15	0.60
Fine-grained sandstone	1.50	96.70	4.32	0.14	0.34
Medium-grained sandstone	7.40	102.60	21.05	0.52	2.11
Fine-grained sandstone	3.30	105.90	9.39	0.35	0.82
Coarse-grained sandstone	8.60	111.20	24.46	0.61	2.45
Medium-grained sandstone	3.20	114.40	9.10	0.23	0.91
Siltstone	2.40	113.60	6.91	0.23	0.54
No. 4-2 coal seam	2.05	115.65	2.31	2.31	0.12	0.58
Medium-grained sandstone	1.40	117.05	3.98	0.10	0.40