RETRACTED: Violation Punishment and Total Factor Productivity, Based on the Spillover Effect between Director-Interlocked Firms

Table 5

Variance expansion factors of relevant variables.

Variable	VIF	1/VIF
Size	2.04	0.490526
Lev	1.86	0.538282
State	1.54	0.648321
Age	1.50	0.668705
ROE	1.20	0.832948
Dual	1.14	0.874629
Grow	1.12	0.892393
	1.11	0.902003
Independ	1.10	0.907377
Mean VIF	1.40

Note. In the following other regression analysis, the variance inflation factor of relevant variables is less than 10, so there is no collinearity problem. Considering the space limitation, it will not be listed.