Finite Element and Vibration Frequency Analysis of Cracked Solid Beams: A Comparison of Iron, Steel, and Titanium Materials

Table 4

Properties of materials.

Properties	Iron	Steel	Titanium	Unit
Density	7,870	7,850	4,430	kg/m³
Young’s modulus	200	200	113.8	GPa
Poisson’s ratio	0.29	0.30	0.34	1
Shear modulus	5.5 E9	73.3 E9	36 E9	N/m^2
Tensile Strength	540	430	240	MPa
Heat capacity at constant pressure	440	475	520	J/(kgK)
Relative permeability	4,000	1	1.0001	1
Electrical conductivity	1.12 E7	4.032 E6	3.28 E6	S/m
Thermal conductivity	76.2	44.5	24.5	W/(mK)