A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

Algorithm 1

Main update algorithm.

 input : ;;;;;;

 output:;;;

 fortodo

  forto # grid pointsdo

    Solve the advection–diffusion equation (14);

  Find grid points with high smoke density, i.e. ;

  fortodo

    1. Compute the visibility distance of person ();

    2. Compute the pedestrian density around person in a ball radius ;

    3. Compute the desired velocity of person

    ifis a guider or see an exitthen

    4. Set , where is a grid point on an exit;

     Set for walkable areas;

     Set for obstacle cells or cells with high smoke density;

    5. Solve the Eikonal equation (5);

    6. Set ;

    7. Compute the movement direction of person ;

    else

    Follow the rule of ‘flow with the stream’

    and ‘following the wall’;

    Compute the movement direction of person ;

    8. Compute ;

    for to do

     Compute ;

     Compute ;

  Solve the social force model (1) and (2) by the RK2 method;

  Update the positions and the velocities of all persons;