A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

<div>Traces of five chosen pedestrians out of 200 pedestrians in case of 5% guiders in simulation. Black, blue, and cyan colors refer to footprints of guiders. Red and green colors are footprints of pedestrians that are not guiders. The entire time period of a simulation is set to 50 s.</div>

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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Figure 11

Figure 11: A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model 