A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

Figure 12

Movements of 200 pedestrians during smoke spreading in the case that there are no guider and 5% guiders in simulation. The smoke source is in the middle of the room. The entire time period of a simulation is 50 s. The simulation room consists of two exits as Figure 3(b). (a) no guider, t = 0 s. (b) 5% guiders, t = 0 s. (c) no guider, t = 5 s. (d) 5% guiders, t = 5 s. (e) no guider, t = 20 s. (f) 5% guiders, t = 20 s. (g) no guider, t = 40 s. (h) 5% guiders, t = 40 s.

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